Louvre Palace & Grand Louvre
Louvre Palace & Grand Louvre: 106 source entities compile into 509 solids, 15 coordinated views and 5 discipline sheets. Every view below is regenerated from that same source model.
Generated views
The model, rendered
Generated from the compiled model, each at a camera the interactive view above already offers. Not photographs — this building does not exist.
Coordinated plans
Every floor, from the same model
These are BIM cuts, not generated illustrations. Rooms, walls, openings, stairs and furniture stay tied to the model shown above.
Continue elsewhere
Model files
Take the same compiled building into an editor, a BIM workflow, or a realtime 3D scene.
NDJSON
The authored model. Edit it, diff it, or feed it to an agent.
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bimtex
IFC 4
Buildings, storeys, walls, openings, rooms, slabs and roofs.
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SketchUp
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Revit
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AutoCAD Arch.
GLB
PBR geometry ready for Three.js and other glTF viewers.
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SketchUp
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Three.js
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Blender
OBJ
Metre-based, z-up geometry with named objects; no MTL or BIM data.
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Blender
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Revit
Site plan
Parcel, grade, setbacks, paving, landscape, fences and streets are compiled beside the building rather than by a separate site renderer.
Section X–X
The X–X cut is placed automatically in clear space; structure at the plane draws heavy and the authored grade masks construction below ground.
Front-left axonometric
The canonical west frontage view uses the same orthographic camera as the interactive 3D model.
The rest of the set
The same model also produced 11 further drawings, indexed here the way a construction set indexes its sheets. Open any drawing on this page — plate or thumbnail — to read it at full size and download it in every format it exports.
1 plan · 2 elevations · 1 section · 2 axonometrics · 5 issued sheets
One model, one site plan
Site models coordinate parcel, streets, landscape, parking and massing storeys; the storeys drive floor bands, GFA and FAR without inventing floor plans.
The generated site artefact and 3D campus come from the same source geometry.
The model
// bimtex example 01 — Louvre Palace, Cour Napoléon and Carrousel
//
// This remains the original glass-pyramid study, but the pyramid now sits in
// the entrance ensemble it was designed for rather than on an empty square.
//
// Published dimensions and structure:
// https://www.saint-gobain.com/sites/saint-gobain.com/files/laa88_may2019.pdf
// 21.64 m apex over a 35.24 m square base; the main roof below uses those
// figures exactly (pitch × half-span = height).
// https://www.louvre.fr/en/explore/the-palace/a-pyramid-for-a-symbol
// Cour Napoléon, the pyramidions, the underground entrance and the royal
// axis through Louis XIV's equestrian statue.
// https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plan_of_the_Cour_Napol%C3%A9on,_Louvre.svg
// The relative positions of the seven fountain basins, three pyramidions
// and the surrounding Richelieu / Sully / Denon wings (CC BY-SA 4.0).
// https://www.louvre.fr/en/explore/the-palace/a-garden-at-the-heart-of-the-louvre
// The 6.2-hectare Carrousel Garden, sculpture museum, Arc du Carrousel and
// the westward axis toward the Tuileries.
// https://api-www.louvre.fr/sites/default/files/2024-06/Web%20-%20EN%20%20LOUVRE_PlanG%20-%2004-2024.pdf
// Hall Napoléon at level -2 and the three principal visitor branches to
// Richelieu, Sully and Denon.
// https://www.louvre.fr/decouvrir/vie-du-musee/les-grands-hommes-de-la-cour-napoleon
// Repeated façade bays and first-floor statuary: 86 figures, 3.15 m high,
// aligned with the columns at about 12 m above the court.
//
// DOCUMENTED:
// Main Pyramid: 35.24 m square × 21.64 m high.
// Three visible pyramidions north / east / south of the main entrance.
// Seven triangular water fields around the pedestrian diagonals.
// Richelieu, Sully and Denon wings enclosing Cour Napoléon; Cour Carrée
// continues east of Pavillon Sully and the Carrousel axis continues west.
//
// ESTIMATED:
// Historic-wing depths, pavilion heights, fountain-jet positions and the
// below-grade entrance geometry are survey-level approximations from the
// published plan. They establish the real composition without pretending
// this example is a conservation survey.
{"t":"project","id":"glass-pyramid","name":"Louvre Palace & Grand Louvre","unit":"m","typology":"civic","frontSide":"west","light":"overcast"}
{"t":"parcel","id":"louvre-site","x":-280,"y":-18,"w":680,"d":196,"frontage":"west"}
{"t":"grade","id":"grade","elev":0}
// Courtyard finishes and the pale stone field.
{"t":"materialdef","id":"louvre-plaza","of":"paving","value":86,"body":{"roughness":0.9,"metalness":0}}
{"t":"materialdef","id":"louvre-stone","of":"stone","value":72,"accent":"#b9aa8e"}
{"t":"materialdef","id":"louvre-slate","of":"slate","value":20,"accent":"#4a4d52","body":{"roughness":0.72}}
{"t":"materialdef","id":"louvre-water","of":"glass","value":72,"body":{"type":"MeshPhysicalMaterial","roughness":0.12,"metalness":0,"opacity":0.72,"transmission":0.75,"ior":1.33}}
{"t":"materialdef","id":"louvre-bronze","of":"paint","value":42,"accent":"#5c5a3f","body":{"roughness":0.4,"metalness":0.65}}
{"t":"materialdef","id":"louvre-lawn","of":"paint","value":58,"accent":"#7c8961","body":{"roughness":1,"metalness":0}}
{"t":"materialdef","id":"louvre-gravel","of":"gravel","value":80,"accent":"#c9bea7","body":{"roughness":0.98}}
{"t":"materialdef","id":"louvre-window","of":"glass","value":42,"body":{"type":"MeshPhysicalMaterial","roughness":0.16,"metalness":0,"opacity":0.78,"transmission":0.25,"ior":1.46}}
{"t":"materialdef","id":"louvre-hall-floor","of":"paint","value":58,"accent":"#81796b","body":{"roughness":0.72,"metalness":0}}
// The court is one continuous stone finish with three real notches for the
// differently finished public passages. No coplanar plates are stacked here.
{"t":"paving","id":"cour-napoleon","use":"patio","shape":"polygon","points":[[8,4],[111,4],[111,48],[129,48],[129,4],[252,4],[252,69],[206,69],[206,91],[252,91],[252,156],[52,156],[52,116],[38,116],[38,156],[8,156]],"material":"louvre-plaza"}
{"t":"street","id":"rue-de-rivoli","name":"RUE DE RIVOLI","from":[-280,-11],"to":[400,-11],"width":14,"lanes":2,"class":"collector"}
{"t":"street","id":"quai-francois-mitterrand","name":"QUAI FRANÇOIS MITTERRAND","from":[-280,171],"to":[400,171],"width":14,"lanes":2,"class":"collector"}
// The historic U is deliberately segmented where real public passages cross
// it. These are true gaps in the existing massing, not dark rectangles painted
// onto an unbroken wall: Passage Richelieu enters from Rue de Rivoli, Porte des
// Lions crosses the Denon wing and Pavillon Sully links both palace courts.
{"t":"building","id":"richelieu-west","label":"Richelieu wing · west","x":15,"y":10,"w":96,"d":18,"storeys":4,"height":25,"existing":true,"material":"louvre-stone"}
{"t":"building","id":"richelieu-east","label":"Richelieu wing · east","x":129,"y":10,"w":93,"d":18,"storeys":4,"height":25,"existing":true,"material":"louvre-stone"}
{"t":"building","id":"denon-west","label":"Denon wing · Porte des Lions","x":15,"y":132,"w":23,"d":18,"storeys":4,"height":25,"existing":true,"material":"louvre-stone"}
{"t":"building","id":"denon-east","label":"Denon wing · east","x":52,"y":132,"w":170,"d":18,"storeys":4,"height":25,"existing":true,"material":"louvre-stone"}
{"t":"building","id":"sully-north","label":"Pavillon Sully · north","x":222,"y":28,"w":23,"d":41,"storeys":4,"height":25,"existing":true,"material":"louvre-stone"}
{"t":"building","id":"sully-south","label":"Pavillon Sully · south","x":222,"y":91,"w":23,"d":41,"storeys":4,"height":25,"existing":true,"material":"louvre-stone"}
// The long wings are not one flat datum in the reference: corner pavilions and
// gate shoulders repeatedly break the skyline. These overlapping existing
// masses are deliberately coarse at site-cover scale, but they make that
// cadence part of the compiler output instead of leaving it only in the 3D
// appearance assets below.
{"t":"asset","id":"pavilion-richelieu-west","class":"palace-pavilion","x":15,"y":7,"w":18,"d":24,"z0":0,"z1":34,"material":"louvre-stone"}
{"t":"asset","id":"pavilion-richelieu-gate-west","class":"palace-pavilion","x":101,"y":7,"w":10,"d":24,"z0":0,"z1":31,"material":"louvre-stone"}
{"t":"asset","id":"pavilion-richelieu-gate-east","class":"palace-pavilion","x":129,"y":7,"w":10,"d":24,"z0":0,"z1":31,"material":"louvre-stone"}
{"t":"asset","id":"pavilion-richelieu-sully","class":"palace-pavilion","x":204,"y":7,"w":18,"d":24,"z0":0,"z1":34,"material":"louvre-stone"}
{"t":"asset","id":"pavilion-denon-west","class":"palace-pavilion","x":15,"y":129,"w":18,"d":24,"z0":0,"z1":34,"material":"louvre-stone"}
{"t":"asset","id":"pavilion-denon-gate-west","class":"palace-pavilion","x":28,"y":129,"w":10,"d":24,"z0":0,"z1":31,"material":"louvre-stone"}
{"t":"asset","id":"pavilion-denon-gate-east","class":"palace-pavilion","x":52,"y":129,"w":10,"d":24,"z0":0,"z1":31,"material":"louvre-stone"}
{"t":"asset","id":"pavilion-denon-sully","class":"palace-pavilion","x":204,"y":129,"w":18,"d":24,"z0":0,"z1":34,"material":"louvre-stone"}
{"t":"asset","id":"pavilion-sully-north","class":"palace-pavilion","x":219,"y":50,"w":29,"d":19,"z0":0,"z1":35,"material":"louvre-stone"}
{"t":"asset","id":"pavilion-sully-south","class":"palace-pavilion","x":219,"y":91,"w":29,"d":19,"z0":0,"z1":35,"material":"louvre-stone"}
// Gate pavilions retain the skyline while leaving the ground plane genuinely
// traversable. NS gates open north-south; EW gates open between the two courts.
{"t":"asset","id":"passage-richelieu","class":"louvre-gate-ns","x":111,"y":8,"w":18,"d":22,"z0":0,"z1":36}
{"t":"asset","id":"porte-des-lions","class":"louvre-gate-ns","x":38,"y":130,"w":14,"d":22,"z0":0,"z1":31}
{"t":"asset","id":"passage-sully","class":"louvre-gate-ew","x":220,"y":69,"w":27,"d":22,"z0":0,"z1":38}
{"t":"lookdef","id":"louvre-gate-ns","for":"asset:louvre-gate-ns","body":{"type":"Group","children":[{"type":"Mesh","geometry":{"type":"RoundedBoxGeometry","args":[0.18,0.72,1,2,0.025]},"material":"louvre-stone","position":[-0.41,0.36,0]},{"type":"Mesh","geometry":{"type":"RoundedBoxGeometry","args":[0.18,0.72,1,2,0.025]},"material":"louvre-stone","position":[0.41,0.36,0]},{"type":"Mesh","geometry":{"type":"RoundedBoxGeometry","args":[1,0.28,1,2,0.025]},"material":"louvre-stone","position":[0,0.86,0]},{"type":"Mesh","geometry":{"type":"RoundedBoxGeometry","args":[0.58,0.08,1.04,2,0.02]},"material":"louvre-slate","position":[0,1.04,0]},{"type":"Mesh","geometry":{"type":"RoundedBoxGeometry","args":[0.12,0.1,0.18,2,0.02]},"material":"louvre-stone","position":[0,1.14,0]}]}}
{"t":"lookdef","id":"louvre-gate-ew","for":"asset:louvre-gate-ew","body":{"type":"Group","children":[{"type":"Mesh","geometry":{"type":"RoundedBoxGeometry","args":[1,0.72,0.18,2,0.025]},"material":"louvre-stone","position":[0,0.36,-0.41]},{"type":"Mesh","geometry":{"type":"RoundedBoxGeometry","args":[1,0.72,0.18,2,0.025]},"material":"louvre-stone","position":[0,0.36,0.41]},{"type":"Mesh","geometry":{"type":"RoundedBoxGeometry","args":[1,0.28,1,2,0.025]},"material":"louvre-stone","position":[0,0.86,0]},{"type":"Mesh","geometry":{"type":"RoundedBoxGeometry","args":[1.04,0.08,0.58,2,0.02]},"material":"louvre-slate","position":[0,1.04,0]},{"type":"Mesh","geometry":{"type":"RoundedBoxGeometry","args":[0.18,0.1,0.12,2,0.02]},"material":"louvre-stone","position":[0,1.14,0]}]}}
{"t":"paving","id":"walk-passage-richelieu","use":"walkway","x":111,"y":4,"w":18,"d":44,"material":"louvre-gravel"}
{"t":"paving","id":"walk-porte-des-lions","use":"walkway","x":38,"y":116,"w":14,"d":40,"material":"louvre-gravel"}
{"t":"paving","id":"walk-passage-sully","use":"walkway","x":206,"y":69,"w":46,"d":22,"material":"louvre-gravel"}
// Cour Carrée completes the east half of the palace. The existing Sully bar
// is its west side; three more historic wings close the square courtyard.
{"t":"building","id":"cour-carree-north","label":"Cour Carrée · north wing","x":222,"y":10,"w":168,"d":22,"storeys":4,"height":26,"existing":true,"material":"louvre-stone"}
{"t":"building","id":"cour-carree-south","label":"Cour Carrée · south wing","x":222,"y":128,"w":168,"d":22,"storeys":4,"height":26,"existing":true,"material":"louvre-stone"}
{"t":"building","id":"cour-carree-colonnade","label":"Louvre Colonnade · east wing","x":366,"y":32,"w":24,"d":96,"storeys":4,"height":28,"existing":true,"material":"louvre-stone"}
{"t":"paving","id":"cour-carree","use":"patio","x":252,"y":32,"w":114,"d":96,"material":"louvre-gravel"}
{"t":"asset","id":"cour-carree-fountain","class":"louvre-court-fountain","x":302,"y":76,"w":8,"d":8,"z0":0,"z1":1.2}
{"t":"lookdef","id":"louvre-court-fountain","for":"asset:louvre-court-fountain","body":{"type":"Group","children":[{"type":"Mesh","geometry":{"type":"CylinderGeometry","args":[0.5,0.5,0.08,32]},"material":"louvre-stone","position":[0,0.04,0]},{"type":"Mesh","geometry":{"type":"CylinderGeometry","args":[0.44,0.44,0.05,32]},"material":"louvre-water","position":[0,0.09,0]},{"type":"Mesh","geometry":{"type":"CylinderGeometry","args":[0.025,0.04,0.75,10]},"material":"louvre-water","position":[0,0.48,0]}]}}
// East Colonnade rhythm: a restrained row of paired stone columns marks the
// famous Perrault façade without manufacturing every statue and window.
{"t":"asset","id":"east-colonnade","class":"louvre-colonnade-bay","parts":[{"x":388.5,"y":36,"w":1.2,"d":1.2,"z0":2,"z1":21},{"x":388.5,"y":43,"w":1.2,"d":1.2,"z0":2,"z1":21},{"x":388.5,"y":50,"w":1.2,"d":1.2,"z0":2,"z1":21},{"x":388.5,"y":57,"w":1.2,"d":1.2,"z0":2,"z1":21},{"x":388.5,"y":64,"w":1.2,"d":1.2,"z0":2,"z1":21},{"x":388.5,"y":71,"w":1.2,"d":1.2,"z0":2,"z1":21},{"x":388.5,"y":78,"w":1.2,"d":1.2,"z0":2,"z1":21},{"x":388.5,"y":85,"w":1.2,"d":1.2,"z0":2,"z1":21},{"x":388.5,"y":92,"w":1.2,"d":1.2,"z0":2,"z1":21},{"x":388.5,"y":99,"w":1.2,"d":1.2,"z0":2,"z1":21},{"x":388.5,"y":106,"w":1.2,"d":1.2,"z0":2,"z1":21},{"x":388.5,"y":113,"w":1.2,"d":1.2,"z0":2,"z1":21},{"x":388.5,"y":120,"w":1.2,"d":1.2,"z0":2,"z1":21}]}
{"t":"lookdef","id":"louvre-colonnade-bay","for":"asset:louvre-colonnade-bay","body":{"type":"Group","children":[{"type":"Mesh","geometry":{"type":"CylinderGeometry","args":[0.2,0.24,0.78,12]},"material":"louvre-stone","position":[0,0.48,0]},{"type":"Mesh","geometry":{"type":"CylinderGeometry","args":[0.31,0.31,0.08,12]},"material":"louvre-stone","position":[0,0.08,0]},{"type":"Mesh","geometry":{"type":"CylinderGeometry","args":[0.32,0.32,0.08,12]},"material":"louvre-stone","position":[0,0.91,0]}]}}
// Cour Napoléon façades are repeated architectural bays rather than one flat
// massing colour. Each bay carries a rusticated plinth, three window tiers,
// pilasters, string courses, balustrade and one representative 3.15 m figure.
// The official programme contains 86 statues; repetition here preserves its
// structural cadence without claiming survey-level sculpture geometry.
{"t":"asset","id":"cour-facades-x","class":"louvre-cour-facade-x","parts":[{"x":32,"y":27,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":44,"y":27,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":56,"y":27,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":68,"y":27,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":80,"y":27,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":92,"y":27,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":138,"y":27,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":150,"y":27,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":162,"y":27,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":174,"y":27,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":186,"y":27,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":198,"y":27,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":18,"y":132,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":56,"y":132,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":68,"y":132,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":80,"y":132,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":92,"y":132,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":104,"y":132,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":116,"y":132,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":128,"y":132,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":140,"y":132,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":152,"y":132,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":164,"y":132,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":176,"y":132,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":188,"y":132,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":200,"y":132,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":24}]}
{"t":"asset","id":"cour-facades-y","class":"louvre-cour-facade-y","parts":[{"x":221,"y":34,"w":1,"d":10,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":221,"y":46,"w":1,"d":10,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":221,"y":58,"w":1,"d":10,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":221,"y":94,"w":1,"d":10,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":221,"y":106,"w":1,"d":10,"z0":0,"z1":24},{"x":221,"y":118,"w":1,"d":10,"z0":0,"z1":24}]}
// Cour Carrée uses the same repeated bay grammar on its inner faces. Keeping
// these as appearance assets preserves the site-massing contract while giving
// the rear court the window, pilaster and cornice rhythm visible from above.
{"t":"asset","id":"cour-carree-inner-facades-x","class":"louvre-cour-facade-x","parts":[{"x":252,"y":31,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":25},{"x":264,"y":31,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":25},{"x":276,"y":31,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":25},{"x":288,"y":31,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":25},{"x":300,"y":31,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":25},{"x":312,"y":31,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":25},{"x":324,"y":31,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":25},{"x":336,"y":31,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":25},{"x":348,"y":31,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":25},{"x":252,"y":128,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":25},{"x":264,"y":128,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":25},{"x":276,"y":128,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":25},{"x":288,"y":128,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":25},{"x":300,"y":128,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":25},{"x":312,"y":128,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":25},{"x":324,"y":128,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":25},{"x":336,"y":128,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":25},{"x":348,"y":128,"w":10,"d":1,"z0":0,"z1":25}]}
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// West of the palace, the 6.2-hectare Carrousel composition carries the royal
// axis toward the Tuileries: gravel walks, clipped lawns, sculpture rows and
// the Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel.
// Gravel and lawn tile the ground instead of occupying the same depth plane.
// The six strict interior holes expose mown landscape below the gravel plate.
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// Main Pyramid: the semantic roof keeps the plan, elevation and 3D in agreement.
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{"t":"level","id":"court","name":"Cour Napoléon","elev":0,"height":0.15}
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// Seven shallow triangular fountain fields copied proportionally from the
// published Cour Napoléon plan. The gaps are the real diagonal walks.
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// The three surface pyramidions illuminate the underground approaches to the
// Richelieu, Sully and Denon wings.
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// Water jets are separate fixtures, not extra pool geometry.
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// The historic skyline: long slate roof bands and the seven principal
// pavilions frame the modern glass entrance without modelling decorative
// sculpture as fake structure.
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// Louis XIV anchors Pei's corrected royal perspective west of the Pyramid.
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// Level -2 is now a legible Hall Napoléon rather than one oversized stair
// envelope. The open central rotunda, lift, four escalator banks and three
// principal branch portals express the official Richelieu / Sully / Denon
// distribution diagram while remaining within the Pyramid's truthful box.
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{"t":"asset","id":"hall-napoleon-escalators","class":"louvre-escalator-ns","parts":[{"x":111.2,"y":64.5,"w":3.1,"d":10,"z0":-7.55,"z1":-4.4},{"x":125.7,"y":64.5,"w":3.1,"d":10,"z0":-7.55,"z1":-4.4},{"x":111.2,"y":85.5,"w":3.1,"d":10,"z0":-7.55,"z1":-4.4},{"x":125.7,"y":85.5,"w":3.1,"d":10,"z0":-7.55,"z1":-4.4}]}
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{"t":"asset","id":"pyramide-inversee","class":"louvre-inverted-pyramid","x":28,"y":72,"w":14,"d":14,"z0":-8,"z1":0}
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{"t":"view","id":"site:grand-louvre","mode":"site","label":"FULL PALACE + CARROUSEL","cameraElevation":48,"cameraAzimuth":250}
{"t":"view","id":"whole:main-pyramid","mode":"whole","scope":"building","label":"MAIN PYRAMID · STRUCTURE","cameraElevation":38,"cameraAzimuth":250}
{"t":"view","id":"below-grade:entrance","mode":"below-grade","label":"HALL NAPOLÉON · THREE-WING CONCOURSE","elevation":-0.45,"cameraElevation":34,"cameraAzimuth":225}
- ✓ storeys stack without gaps; mezzanines fit their host
- ✓ every opening fits inside its wall, in length and height
- ✓ upper-storey walls have support below
- ✓ rooms stay inside the footprint and do not overlap
- ✓ stairs clear walls, land in circulation, and have a void above
- ✓ risers stay within the schema limits
- ✓ footprint clears setbacks; fences stay on the parcel